What is a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

Abbreviated as URL, a Uniform Resource Locator is a way of identifying the location of a file on the internet. They're what we use to open not only websites, but also to download images, videos, software programs, and other types of files that are hosted on a server.


Opening a local file on your computer is as simple as double-clicking it, but to open files on remote computers, like web servers, we must use URLs so that our web browser knows where to look. For example, opening the HTML file that represents the web page explained below, is done by entering it into the navigation bar at the top of the browser you're using.


 Examples of URLs

You're probably used to entering in URL, like this one for accessing Google's website:

https://www.google.com

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 Structure of a URL

A URL can be broken down into different sections, each piece serving a specific purpose when accessing a remote file.

HTTP and FTP URLs are structured the same, as protocol://hostname/fileinfo. For example, accessing an FTP file with its URL might look something like this:

FTP://servername/folder/otherfolder/programdetails.docx


 URL Syntax Rules

Only numbers, letters, and the following characters are allowed in a URL: ()!$-'_*+.

Other characters must be encoded (translated to programming code) in order to be accepted in a URL.


 More Information on URLs

If a URL points you to a file that your web browser can display, like a JPG image, then you don't have to actually download the file to your computer in order to see it. However, for files that aren't normally displayed in the browser, like PDF and DOCX files, and especially EXE files (and many other file types), you'll be prompted to download the file to your computer in order to use it.

URLs provide an easy way for us to access a server's IP address without needing to know what the actual address is. They're like easy-to-remember names for our favorite websites. This translation from a URL to an IP address is what DNS servers are used for.

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